This presentation focuses on the social contagion conjecture, according to which the apparent increase over time in transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) identities among young adults and adolescents is best explained through reference to social factors (e.g. peer pressure, media representation) that instill a ‘rapid-onset’ gender dysphoria. Through a thorough review of clinical perspectives on gender dysphoria and research on TGNC populations, we will assess the plausibility of the social contagion conjecture as well as alternative explanations of the apparent increase in TGNC identities. After a discussion of how the social contagion conjecture perpetuates and amplifies epistemic harm—a particular kind of harm carried out through mechanisms of power, privilege, and knowledge—we’ll conclude with a look at how affirming care models can mitigate such harm and instead operate through a lens of epistemic care.